ADDITIONAL NOTES

Notes on Energy Resources

v  Role of Hydro Electric Project in Socio-Economic Development of Bhutan

Hydropower, as a clean renewable resource has two important roles to play in the socio-economic development of Bhutan:

1)      To provide safe, reliable, sufficient and affordable electricity for domestic consumption and industrial use.

2)      As an industry for earning revenue from export of hydroelectricity thereby providing the much needed capital to finance social projects and achieve economic self reliance.

v  Run-of River Scheme: Taking an advantage of torrential flow of rivers to generate power.

Why non-conventional source of energy is not popular in our country?

1.      Lack of technical know-how.

2.      High installation cost.

3.      Not feasible as a reliable source.

4.      Not available in abundance.

Notes on Industrial Resources

v  Relationship between Transport and Industry

1.      Transportation facilities are necessary for the assembly of raw materials and for the marketing of the finished products.

2.      The development of many roads will determine the growth and location of many industries.

v  Characteristics of types of Industries based on Raw Materials

Agro – based industries       

1.      They are fruit juice or canned fruit industries .

2.      They involved in processing of agricultural products.

3.      They obtain their raw materials from agriculture.

4.      They are generally located near the fertile land.

Mineral – Based Industries

1.      They obtain their minerals from mining.

2.      They are located near to mining centers.

3.      They are mostly related to cement industries.

4.      Their raw materials are naturally occurred.

Forest – Based Industries

1.      They are woodworking / furniture, paper manufacturing and converting industries.

2.      They obtain their raw materials from forest.

3.    The chemical industry is one of the largest manufacturing industries. 

Chemical – Based Industries

1.      They are chemical producing industries.

2.      The chemical industry creates an immense variety of products.

3.      They obtain their raw materials from mining.

v  Main Factors / Problems that hinder Industrial Development

1.      Lack of raw materials

2.      Lack of capital and technology.

3.      Lack of skilled labour.

4.      Lack of market.

5.      Lack of power and transport facilities.

6.      Lack of infrastructure and water supply.

v  Factors affecting the location of Penden Cement Authority in Samtse and BBPL in Tala in Chukha.

1.      Availability of raw materials.

2.      Efficient transport system.

3.      Easy access to market

4.      Availability of cheap and constant power supply.

5.      Availability of cheap labour from India.

v  “Industries are the key to the country’s economy” or “Industrialization leads to the economic development of a country”. Justify.

1.      Industries changed the primary products into more useful and valuable items.

2.      They generate huge revenue for the country and earn foreign currency.

3.      Provide jobs and improve living standard for the people.

4.      They promote self-sufficiency.

5.      They promote export which leads to increase in national income.

v  Development of industries brings in problems”. Support the statement.

1.      Environmental problems (pollution, degradation, erosion).

2.      Social problems (accidents, outbreak of diseases, negative influence on culture and tradition).

3.      Deterioration of natural resources.

4.      Decline of human values.

Why Gasa does not have any manufacturing industries?

1.      Lack of raw materials.

2.      No accessibility to market.

3.      Lack of better transport facilities.

4.      Unfavourable climate.

5.      Shortage of Labour.

6.      Land topography.

v  Objectives of National Industrial Policy

1.      To achieve high productivity,

2.      To create employment opportunity.

3.      To reduce regional imbalance.

4.      To promote export, and reduce import.

5.      To have eco-friendly industrial development guided by GNH philosophy.

6.      To generate national revenue.

Analyze the relation between industrialization and urbanization.

The one factor which has contributed relatively much to the increase in urban population is industrialization. Push as well as pull factors account for the movement of people from villages to towns.

Urbanization brings changes in work-force structure too (i.e., people engaged in primary (agriculture), secondary (manufacturing) and tertiary occupation (trade, transport, public administration, banking and other services).

Industrialization has not only promoted urbanization but has also af­fected social structure and social institutions.

v  Policies to overcome problems of rapid industrialization.

1.      Political stability / security

Government should minimize the constant change of economic policies.

2.      Favourable Government Policies

Government should pursue policies favourable to industrialization such as tax holiday, excise duty reduction and tariff, etc.

3.      Improved Agriculture Sector

Government should also pursue policies geared towards improving the agriculture sector.