NOTES ON INDUSTRIAL CHAPTER

CHAPTER - 05

INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES 

 Q.   Define Industry 

   It is a unit or an area where the raw materials are converted into final products with the    help of labour, technology and power supply.

 Q.   What is an Industrial Cluster / Estate?
It is an area where groups of industries are located OR The pockets having high concentration of industries are known as industrial clusters.  Example: Pasakha in Phuentsholing (Chukha).

CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES

Based on Raw Material

1)     Agro-Based Industries

2)     Forest-Based Industries

3)     Mineral-Based Industries

4)     Chemical-Based Industries

Based on Investment

1)     Large Scale Industries

2)     Medium Scale Industries

3)     Small Scale Industries

4)     Cottage Industries

Based on Ownership

1)     Government owned Industries

2)     Private Industries

3)     Cooperation Industries

4)     Joint Industries

Weight Loosing Industries: It is an industry which uses the raw materials which is heavier than the final product. Example: Paper Manufacturing Industries.

Non-Weight Loosing Industries: It is an industry where the weight of the raw materials is almost equal to the weight of the final products. Example: Textile Industries.

Dzongkhags with Industries

Chukha, Samtse, Samdrup Jongkhar, Pemagatshel, Sarpang (Gelephu) and Thimphu.

Chukha Dzongkhag is called as “Industrial Heart of Bhutan”. 

Gelephu Dungkhag is known as “Graveyard of industries”.

Gasa and Dagana donot have industries.

Major Agro-Based Industries

Agro-Based Industries: Those industries which depend on the resources and raw materials that are produced in the agricultural sectors are called Agro-Based Industries.

 Examples:

Name of the Industry	Location	Major Activity	Production Capacity
Bhutan Agro Industries	Wangchuk Taba, Thimphu	Fruit processing and vegetable products and MS water	2,200,000 units per year
Bhutan Fruit Product Pvt. Ltd	Samtse	Fruit processing and vegetable products	1000 MT per year
Army Welfare Project (AWP)	Samtse, Gelephu and S/Jongkhar (HO at Phuentsholing)	Liquor	2500 cases per day per shift
Bhutan Dairy	Phuentsholing	Milk processing	700 L per hour

Major Forest-Based Industries

Forest-Based Industries: Those industries which depend mainly on the raw materials from the forest.

Examples:

Name of the Industry	Location	Major Activity	Production Capacity
Bhutan Board Products Ltd	Dala/Tala, Chukha	Particle Board and RTA furniture	24,000 cubic meter per year
Wood Craft Centre	Langjophakha, Thimphu	Particle Board and RTA furniture	Nu.15 million per year

Major Mineral-Based Industries

Those heavy industries using minerals as the basic raw materials are known as Mineral Based Industries.

 Most of the mineral-based industries in Bhutan are related to cement. 

Examples:

Cement Industries (Mineral-Based Industries)

Name of the Industry	Location	Major Activity	Production Capacity
Penden Cement Authority Ltd.	Gomtu, Samtse	Cement	1.200 MT per day
Lhaki Cement	Gomtu, Samtse	Cement	300 MT per day
Yangzom Cement Industry Pvt. Ltd.	Tashijong, Samtse	Cement	100 MT per day
Druk Cement Pvt. Ltd.	Pasakha, Phuentsholing	Cement	150 MT per day
Dungsam Cement Corporation (DCCL)	Nganglam, Pemagatshel	cement	4130 tonnes per day (As of 2013)

Other Major Mineral Based-Industries

Name of the Industry	Location	Major Activity	Production Capacity
Druk Satair Corporation Ltd	Pemagatshel	Gypsum Mining	400 MT per day
Eastern Bhutan Coal Company	Samdrup Jongkhar	Coal Mining	350 MT per day
Bhutan Carbide and Chemicals Ltd.	Pasakha, Phuentsholing	Calcium Carbide	22,000 MT per day
Bhutan Ferro Alloys Ltd.	Pasakha, Phuentsholing	Ferro Silicon	18,000 MT per day
Bhutan Chemicals and Industries Pvt. Ltd.	Samdrup Jongkhar	Plaster of Paris	30 MT per day
Druk Plaster and Chemical Ltd.	Pemagatshel	Plaster of Paris	30 MT per day
Bhutan Gypsum Products	Pemagatshel	Plaster of Paris	40 MT per day
Barma Chemical Industry	Pemagatshel	Plaster of Paris	17 MT per day

Factors determining the location of Industries

There are TWO  factors in general:

[A] Geographical Factors

           1)    Raw Material

           2)    Climate Condition 

           3)    Water Resources

           4)    Power Supply

           5)    Labour

           6)    Transport

           7)    Land Topography 

           8)    Market

[B] Non- Geographical Factors

          1)    Financial/ Capital Background

          2)    Government Policies

          3)    Industrial Inertia

          4)    Banking Facilities

          5)    Insurance

          6)    Political stability

          7)    Good relationship among the community

          8)    More Wage Rate

Advantages/Needs/Importance of Industrialization

    1) Enhance the living standard of people.

    2) Economic Development.

    3) Employment opportunities.

    4) Helps in sustainable Development.

    5) Proper utilization of natural resources.

    6)  Independent and self-sufficiency

    7) Balancing between import and export.

    8) Poverty Alleviation

    9) Globalization.

Disadvantages of Industrialization

   1) Environment Degradation.

   2)  Pollution (Land, water, air, noise etc.)

   3) Reduction of agriculture land.

   4)  No equal development in the country (Regional disparities).

   5) Over exploitation of natural resources.

   6) Erosion of tradition and culture.

Questions to check your understanding

1)  Does industrialization promotes Gross National Happiness? If yes /no WHY?

2) Why Chukha Dzongkhag is called as “Industrial Heart of Bhutan”?

3) Why Gelephu is known as “Graveyard of industries”?

4) Explain the factors influencing the growth and location of industries by referring to ISC    Geography by D.R. Khullar