Thursday, April 7, 2016

QUESTIONS & ANSWER TO TRAIN THE YOUNG AND VULNERABLE MINDS....

QUESTIONS TO TRAIN THE YOUNG AND VULNERABLE MINDS

1 Although Bhutan has a low population density, our population growth rate is among the highest in the world. If the rate of growth remains unchecked, what can you foresee from this statement and what could be a disturbing prospect?
  Ø  If the rate of population growth remains unchecked, the Kingdom’s population will double in the next 20 years or more. The disturbing prospect that carries many negative consequences for the following areas:
a)      Environment.
b)      Food security.
c)      Nutrition.
d)      Employment creation.
e)      Balance of Payment.
f)       Sustainability of the development, well being and welfare.
g)      Slower the standard of living will rise.
h)      No quality services to an individual and community.

    2. Bhutan has set ambitious targets for reducing the rate of population growth, but even if we succeed in achieving them, the Kingdom’s population will continue to grow for the next 50 years or more…
Suggest some centerpiece of our policies for addressing this challenge.
  Ø  Some of the centerpiece are:
a)      Reproductive health care.
b)      Rising the levels of education, especially for girls.
c)      Creation of productive employment.
d)      Increase economic security.

   3 “The pace of rural – urban migration has measurably quickened today”. Bring out some possible reason for this quickened.
  Ø  Some probable reasons are:
a)      Employment opportunities in urban areas.
b)      High and regular wage rate or income in urban centers.
c)      Better facilities such as education, health, transport, communication etc. in urban areas.
d)     Drudgery of farm works.
e)      Crop damage by wild animals.
f)       Lack of facilities, etc. in rural areas. 

   4. “The rapid rate of rural – urban migration constitutes major challenges”. Draw out some major challenges.
  Ø  Challenges:
a)      Many towns are physically unable to absorb many new inhabitants / new migrants.
b)      Many towns are poorly-equipped to deal with new inhabitants.
c)      Rapid urbanization could be environmentally destructive – heavy natural resource utilization, sewage and waste disposal contaminating river and streams.
d)      Social and environmental problems may follow in the wake.

    5.What are the future population policies of Bhutan?
  Ø  The future population policies of Bhutan must be guided by five main requirements:
a)      Promoting smaller families must be extended to the whole nation/kingdom.
b)      Population education and awareness programmes to reach the farm level.
c)      Deliberately target Dzongkhags with the highest rate of population growth and then decreasing the growth rate.
d)      Target men and young people as well as women to education programmes.
e)      Seek to achieve positive synergies with policies and programmes in the fields of health, nutrition, employment, basic education and reproductive health (family planning). 

    6..Our future strategies for basic education must be further refined and developed with high priority being accorded to achieving progress…
In what areas the future education policies of Bhutan needs more priorities.
  Ø  Bhutan education needs more priorities in the following areas:
a)      Improving access to education in remote parts of the kingdom and to all our young people. If necessary, our teachers must be provided with appropriate incentives to work in more remote areas.
b)      Improving the quality and relevance of education.
c)      Recognizing the vital role to be played by teachers and enabling them to meet the many demands required of them.
d)      Promoting innovation in ways that full advantage of new technologies.
e)      Securing a reduction in the costs of education – Free Education.
f)       Taking earliest feasible opportunity to establish a National University not only to meet national needs but also those of individuals from neighboring countries, or even further afield – Centres of Excellence.

    7. As of 1st January 2016, the population of Bhutan was estimated to be 778106 people compared to population of 768872 in the year 2015. Calculate the rate of population growth.
  Ø  Solution:
              Given: Current / Present Population (2016) = 778106 people.
                           Base / Past Population (2015) = 768872 people.

                                       

                               
                              










    8.  Bhutan population is projected to increase by 9345 people and reach 787451 in the beginning of 2017. The natural increase is expected to be positive, as the number of births will exceed the number of deaths by 9345. Most probably the difference between immigrants and emigrants is not significant and close to zero.
What other natural reasons are involved in changing of population in Bhutan?
  Ø  The natural reasons are:
1.      Birth Rate
2.      Death Rate

   9.  “The density of population is calculated as permanently settled population of Bhutan to the total territory of the country”. Which formula of calculating the density is appropriate to this statement? Write with example.
  Ø  Arithmetic Density.
                Total Population
  AD =                                                              
                   Total Area

Example:        6, 34,982
                 =                                        
                       38, 394

                = 16.5 Persons / sq.km

  10.  The followings are the age structure of Bhutan according to the PHCB 2005:
                                i.            Population under 15 years – 33.1%
                              ii.            Population between 15 – 64 years – 62.2%
                            iii.            Population above 65 years – 4.7%

a) By using the above data calculate the Dependency Ratio.
b) Convert the percentage of age structure into absolute figures.
c) Define and calculate the Child Dependency Ratio and Aged Dependency Ratio.
  Ø  Solution:
a)      Given: Total independent population = 62.2%
                         Total dependent population = 33.1%+ 4.7% = 37.8%

                                                     Total Dependent
             Dependency Ratio =                                            × 100
                                                      Total Independent
                                                   
                                                      37.8
                                   DR =                        × 100
                                                      62.2
                            
                                                 = 60.7%
ü  Dependency ratio of population is a ratio of people who are generally not in the labour force (the dependents) to workforce of a country (the independent population).

b)       In absolute figures:
i.                    Population under 15 years:        33.1 × 634982 = 210179 Persons.
                                                    100

ii.                  Population between 15 – 64 years:  62.2 × 634982 = 394959 Persons.
                                                          100

iii.                Population above 65 years :  4.7 × 634982 = 29844 Persons.
                                               100

c)      Child Dependency Ratio is a ratio of people below working age (under 15) to the work force of a country.

                                                  33.1
                                   CDR =               × 100
                                                 62.2
                            
                                               = 53.2%

Aged Dependency Ratio is a ratio of people above working age (65+) to the work force of a country.
                                                   4.7
                                   ADR =              × 100
                                                 62.2
                            
                                                = 7.5%


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