ADDITIONAL NOTES ON POPULATION

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON POPULATION

Population Pyramids

It is a graphical illustration of various age and sex group in the population.

It typically consists of two back-to-back bar graphs, with the population plotted on the X-axis and age on the Y-axis, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups (also called cohorts). Males are conventionally shown on the left and females on the right, and they may be measured by raw number or as a percentage of the total population.

WHY DO WE OBSERVE WORLD POPULATION DAY AND WHEN?

The world population day is observed on 11^th July and we observed it in order to remind the people that the size of the population and rate at which it is increasing are formidable problems for the future of the world.

Index of ageing: It is the number of persons aged 65 and above as a percentage of the number of persons age.

Floating population: The population of a country that does not belong to that country but reside temporarily in that country for a short duration of time may be few days / weeks/months/years and supposed to go back to their native place.

Main Workers: is defined as those workers who had worked for major part of the reference period i.e. more than 6 months or more than 183 days. 

Marginal workers: Is defined as those workers who had worked for major part of the reference period i.e. less than 6 months or 183 days.

Index of concentration: Is defined as proportion of population living in each Dzongkhag to the proportion of the country.

Index of concentration =  Total population of a particular country 

                                          Total population of the country

Participation Rate: It is defined as number of workers in every hundred people.

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH RAPID INCREASE OF POPULATION IN THE COUNTRYSIDE

ü  Land fragmentation

ü  Starvation(Poverty)

ü  Pollution

ü  Unemployment

ü  Pressure on the existing resources.

IMPORTANT FEATURES OF WORKING POPULATION

ü  They should be independent

ü  Should be economically productive citizens

ü  Should be age group between 15- 64 years

ü  Should be skillful and efficient.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNFAVOURABLE SEX RATIO

ü  Male child receives preferential treatment while females are neglected.

ü  Pregnancy death.

ü  With small family norms many young couples do not go for second child if the first child happens to be a male.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FAVOURABLE SEX RATIO

ü  No gender discrimination

ü  There is no social obligation against women in Bhutan

REASONS FOR RAPID GROWTH OF POPULATION AND MEASURES TO CHECK IT

REASONS

ü  Better/ improved health/medical facilities.

ü  Early marriage

ü  Illiteracy

ü  Lack of contraceptives

MEASURES

ü  Education: educated people on the drawbacks of over population

ü  Family planning: encourage people to take up medical precaution.

ü  Law should be made for one couple two children

ü  Government should create awareness on the advantages of small family and its advantages.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION

RURAL POPULATION	URBAN POPULATION
Agricultural is the fundamental occupation. Majority of population is engaged in agriculture. Neighbors of Agriculturist are also agriculturist	No fundamental occupation. Most of people engaged in principally in manufacturing, mechanical pursuits, trade commerce, professions and other non-agricultural occupations.
Density of population is lower.	Density of population is high
Low degree of social differentiation	High degree of social differentiation
Standard of living is low.	Standard of living is high.

EFFECTS OF RAPID GROWTH OF POPULATION

ü  Land fragmentation

ü  Starvation

ü  Pollution

ü  Unemployment

ü  Over utilization of resources

ü  Social problems

PROBLEMS OF OVER POPULATION

ü  Over utilization of resources

ü  Increase in social crimes

ü  Unemployment

ü  Overcrowding

ü  Conflicts and wars

PROBLEMS OF UNDER POPULATION

ü  Uneven distribution of population

ü  Under utilization of resources

ü  Slow economic development

ü  Lack of skilled labours

ü  Remoteness

POPULATION PROBLEMS IN ADVANCED COUNTRIES

ü  Ageing population

ü  Small population

ü  Rural depopulation

ü  Urbanization

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